Mercury
Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and the closest to the Sun. It has a rocky, cratered surface, similar to the Moon, with extreme temperature fluctuations, ranging from -330°F (-201°C) at night to 800°F (427°C) during the day. Mercury has virtually no atmosphere, so it cannot retain heat, leading to these dramatic temperature changes. Its year lasts only 88 Earth days, but it has a slow rotation, taking 59 Earth days to complete one day. Mercury is heavily cratered, and its surface shows evidence of past volcanic activity and tectonic movement. It remains a subject of scientific exploration.
Venus
Venus is the second planet from the Sun and similar in size and structure to Earth, often called Earth's "sister planet." It has a thick atmosphere primarily composed of carbon dioxide, creating a strong greenhouse effect, which makes it the hottest planet in the solar system, with surface temperatures around 900°F (475°C). Venus has a slow rotation and an extreme day-night cycle, with a day lasting longer than a year. Its surface is covered by mountains, volcanoes, and vast plains. Despite its harsh conditions, Venus remains a subject of study due to its intriguing atmosphere and potential for past habitability.
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only known one to support life. It has a diverse environment, with land, oceans, and a breathable atmosphere, primarily composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Earth’s surface features mountains, forests, deserts, and vast bodies of water. It has a natural satellite, the Moon, which influences tides and stabilizes its axial tilt. The planet's moderate temperatures and protective atmosphere create the ideal conditions for various ecosystems and species. Earth’s rotation creates day and night, while its orbit around the Sun causes seasons. Human civilization thrives here, making it unique in the universe.
